Summary:
Cognitive decline and dementia are common health concerns in older adults. Although increasing age is the strongest risk factor, several lifestyle factors and medical conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, depression, alcohol use and previous stroke can also increase risk. Diet also influences cognitive health, with evidence suggesting that healthy lifestyle behaviours can reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Kundalini yoga (KY) is a mind-body practice that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, meditation, chanting and relaxation. These practices are thought to regulate the autonomic nervous system, reduce stress and support brain health. This study is a systematic review that evaluated the effects of KY on cognitive function, memory impairment, psychological wellbeing and neurobiological outcomes in older adults. Five randomised controlled trials involving 215 participants met the inclusion criteria. Across the included studies, KY consistently improved memory and executive function. Participants also experienced better mood, while biological findings showed increased hippocampal volume, stronger neural connectivity, reduced levels of inflammation and favourable changes in age-related gene expression. Overall, this study found that KY is a promising non-drug intervention for older adults at risk of cognitive decline and that it may improve cognitive performance, emotional wellbeing and brain health. However, the authors noted that the current evidence base is limited by the small number and size of available trials.
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Abstract:
Cognitive decline and dementia are significant public health challenges influenced by various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Kundalini yoga (KY) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to enhance cognitive function and memory in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of KY on cognitive function, memory impairment, and related neurobiological and psychological outcomes in older adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering studies published from January 2000 to December 2023. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included to compare KY with other cognitive enhancement strategies, such as memory enhancement training (MET) and psychoeducation. Five RCTs with 215 participants met the inclusion criteria. The studies varied in sample size (11 to 81 participants) and duration (12 to 24 weeks). The participants were older adults (≥55 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The interventions compared KY with MET or psychoeducation. KY consistently improved memory performance and executive function. Significant mood enhancements, increased hippocampal volume, and better neural connectivity were observed. KY also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered ageing-related gene expression, demonstrating both cognitive and neurobiological benefits. KY appears to be a promising intervention for enhancing cognitive function, mood, and neurobiological health in older adults at risk of cognitive decline and dementia. While further research with more extensive, well-designed RCTs is needed to confirm these findings and optimise intervention strategies, the existing evidence supports the integration of KY into cognitive health programmes. Practitioners should ensure proper training and gradual progression to maximise benefits and minimise risks.
Article Publication Date: 24/01/2022
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765158
