Summary:
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, causing inflammation, tissue damage, and often irreversible damage. These conditions affect 4% of the population, with women disproportionately affected. While genetics play a role, environmental factors, particularly nutrition, are increasingly recognized as key modulators. Diet influences immune function, gut microbiota, and inflammation, while immune activity also affects nutritional needs. Nutritional strategies, including anti-inflammatory diets and specific micronutrients, may help prevent or manage AIDs. This study examined the impact of diet on various AIDs, including autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatic diseases, and sepsis. A cross-sectional study of 147 women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis found that most had poor diet quality, elevated BMI, and reduced quality of life. Reviews of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, including omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and fiber, suggested potential benefits across autoimmune conditions by reducing systemic inflammation and supporting immune function. In a mouse model of MS, treatment with yerba mate reduced disease severity and indicated an immunosuppressive effect. A UK Biobank analysis suggested that moderate oily fish intake may reduce MS risk, with adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet showing a favorable trend. Finally, a review on sepsis highlighted metabolic disruptions and emphasized the role of targeted nutritional interventions and microbiota modulation in improving patient outcomes. Overall, evidence from this collection suggests that diet is a modifiable factor capable of influencing autoimmune disease development, and progression. Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, nutrient-specific interventions, and overall diet quality may improve immune regulation, reduce inflammation, and enhance quality of life for patients with AIDs.
Abstract:
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Article Publication Date: 30/06/2025
DOI: 10.3390/nu17132176
